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Two Models based on
Two Philosophies
Costa/Kallick &
Sizer/Meier
Costa/Kallick:
Summary: Employing
Habits of Mind requires drawing forth certain patterns of intellectual
behaviour that produce powerful results. They are a composite of many
skills, attitudes and proclivities including:
- Value:
Choosing to employ a pattern of intellectual behaviour rather than other,
less productive patterns.
- Inclination:
Feeling the tendency toward employing a pattern of intellectual behaviour.
- Sensitivity:
Perceiving
opportunities for, and appropriateness of employing the pattern of behaviour.
- Capability:
Possessing the basic skills and capacities to carry through with the
behaviour.
- Commitment:
Constantly striving to reflect on and improve performance of the pattern
of intellectual behaviour.
Costa/Kallick identify
16 Habits
- Persisting
- Thinking and communicating
with clarity and precision
- Managing impulsivity
- Gathering data
through all senses
- Listening with
understanding and empathy
- Creating, imagining,
innovating
- Thinking flexibly
- Responding with
wonderment and awe
- Thinking about
thinking (metacognition)
- Taking responsible
risks
- Striving for accuracy
- Finding humour
- Questioning and
posing problems
- Thinking interdependently
- Applying past knowledge
to new situations
- Remaining open
to continuous learning
Additional information
can be found here or at http://www.habits-of-mind.net/
Sizer/Meier
Summary: We created
the CPESS habits of mind ... as we realised the need for unity across
disciplines and a focus on the essential. We didn't want an endless laundry
list, so we wrote down five, based on many years of watching kids and
observing our own habits, and now they are posted in most classrooms...
They are at the heart of each curriculum as well as being the basis for
judging student performance. We never quite write them out the exact same
way, and over the years we've realised they are constantly evolving in
their meaning. They are:
- -The question of
evidence, or "How do we know what we know?"
- -The question of
viewpoint in all its multiplicity, or "Who's speaking?"
- -The search for
connection and patterns, or "What causes what?"
- -Supposition, or
"How might things have been different?"
- -Why any of it
matters, or "Who cares?"
The (Sizer/Meier)
Habits
- The
habit of perspective:
Organising an argument, read or heard or seen, into its various parts,
and sorting out the major from the minor matter within it. Separating
opinion from fact and appreciating the value of each.
- The
habit of analysis:
Pondering each of these arguments in a reflective way, using such logical,
mathematical, and artistic tools as may be required to render evidence.
Knowing the limits as well as the importance of such analysis.
- The
habit of imagination:
Being disposed to evolve one's own view of a matter, searching for both
new and old patterns that serve well one's own and other's current and
future purposes.
- The
habit of empathy:
Sensing other reasonable views of a common predicament, respecting all,
and honouring the most persuasive among them.
- The
habit of communication: Accepting the duty to explain the
necessary in ways that are clear and respectful both to those hearing
or seeing and to the ideas being communicated. Being a good listener.
- The
habit of commitment:
Recognising the need to act when action is called for; stepping forward
in response. Persisting, patiently, as the situation may require.
- The
habit of humility:
Knowing one's right, ones debts, and one's limitations, and those of
others. Knowing what one knows and what one does not know. Being disposed
and able to gain the needed knowledge, and having the confidence to
do so.
- The
habit of joy: Sensing the wonder and proportion in worthy
things and responding to these delights.
More information on
these concept can be found here
or at http://www.essentialschools.org/pub/ces_docs/about/phil/habits.html
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